Matter In Our Surroundings
Table Of Contents
- What is matter?
- Matter is made up of particles
- States of matter
What is matter ?
Matter is something which occupies space and have some mass.By early Indian philosophers classified matter into five basic elements -air, earth, sky, water & fire.
Matter is made up of particles
Lets do an activity :
Take 2–3 crystals of potassium permanganate and dissolve them in 100 ml of water.
Take out approx. 10 ml of this solution and put it into 90 ml of clear water.
Keep diluting the solution like 5–8 times .
This experiment shows that just a few crystals of potassium permanganate can colour a large volume of water. So we can conclude that one crystals of potassium permanganate consist of millions of tiny particles in just on crystal which keeps on dividing smaller and smaller particles.
Since,particles of matter are very small there are small beyond our imagination!!!
Kinetic energy
Particles of matter are continuously moving that is they possess what we call the kinetic energy.As the temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles also increases.
Diffusion
The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion. They do so by getting into the spaces between the particles .
States of matter
Matter around us exists in 5 different states — Solid, liquid, gas, plasma & B.E.C.
The solid state
We can observe that they have fixed shape,distinct boundaries & fixed volumes.That is they have negligible compressibility. They have a tendency to maintain there shape when subjected to outside force.Solids may break under high force but it is difficult to change there shape.So,they are rigid.
The liquid state
They do not have fixed shape,distinct boundaries but have fixed volume they can take the shape of any container so,they are not rigid but can be called fluid.It also helps in the survival of aquatic animals that they diffuse atmosphere gases and dissolve in it .The rate of diffusion of liquids is higher than that of solids because the particles are freely moving having greater space between them .
The gaseous state
In the gaseous state the particle have greater space between them so,they randomly move at high speed . They are highly compressible large volumes can be compressed into a small cylinder.They diffusion rate is very much high than that of solid & liquid.
The plasma state
Plasma is called the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas. It is a state of matter in which an ionized substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behaviour.Its colour depend on the nature of gas.
The B.E.C. state
a Bose–Einstein condensate (B.E.C) is a state of matter (also called the fifth state of matter) which is typically formed when a gas of very low density is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (−273.15 °C or −459.67 °F).
Can matter change its state ?
The process of changing a matter from solid state to a liquid state is Melting or Fusion. Whereas, the process of converting it from liquid state to solid state is Freezing. Vaporization or boiling is another process that turns a matter into a gaseous state from liquid state. It can turn from gaseous form to liquid form with the help of condensation.
“ Melting point is indication of the strength of particles of solid ”
Sublimation is a process which transforms it from solid form to gaseous form directly. Whereas deposition transforms gaseous state to solid state. Ionization is a process that converts gas into plasma.
Latent heat
Latent heat, energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase) that occurs without changing its temperature. The latent heat is normally expressed as the amount of heat per mole or unit mass of the substance undergoing a change of state.
Latent heat of fusion
The heat required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid is called the Latent heat of fusion.
Latent heat of vaporisation
They are associated with vaporizing a liquid or a solid or condensing a vapour is called the latent heat of vaporisation.
Evaporation
The phenomenon of change of liquid to gaseous state below its boiling point is called evaporation.
Factors affecting evaporation:
- Increase in surface area
- Increase in temperature
- Decrease in humidity
- Increase in wind speed
Dry ice
It is stored under high pressure.Solid CO 2 directly gets converted into gaseous state on decrease to 1 atmosphere.This is the reason that solid co 2 is also known as dry ice.
Thus, we can say that pressure and temperature determine the state of matter.
Atmosphere
atmosphere is a unit of measuring pressure exerted by a gas.The unit of pressure is pascal.
Kelvin
kelvin is the s.i unit of temperature,0'C =273 k.
k=c+273,
c=273-k.
Thank you so much for reading this article and giving your precious time. I will remain grateful to you, and obliged for the same.
Kind Regards,
Aryan Singh
